Lexicon
A
Abrupt termination of commercial relations
When a commercial relationship is established, it may happen that at a given moment, everything does not go as planned due to the non-performance or contractual breach of one of the parties, thus obliging the other to break the relationship in a “brutal” manner.
Accountability / responsibility
The accountability principle is one of the main principles relating to the processing of personal data.
Adequacy
Transfers of personal data to a country outside the European Economic Area or to an international organization can only take place if the conditions defined in the GDPR are met by the exporter and importer of the data.
AFNIC (French Association for Internet Naming Cooperation)
The French Association for Cooperative Internet Naming is a non-profit association, the historical manager of France’s top-level domain names.
Agent
The agent in intellectual property is the person responsible for representing a third party, (an individual or a company), its “principal”, in particular before the Intellectual Property Offices, in order to carry out the formalities and acts necessary to acquire, maintain and defend the rights of intellectual property.
Agreement
An agreement is a contract between two or more parties who have reciprocal obligations to each other.
AIPD (Data privacy impact assesment)
L’analyse d’impact relative à la protection des données est l’évaluation des risques pour les droits et libertés des personnes physique susceptibles d’être engendrés par une opération de traitement de données à caractère personnel. Elle est requise lorsque le traitement est susceptible d’engendrer un risque élevé pour les droits et libertés des personnes physiques. En particulier, le responsable du traitement doit réaliser cette analyse lorsque : – Le traitement est sur la liste publiée par la CNIL pour lesquels une analyse d’impact est obligatoire ; OU – Le traitement remplit au moins deux critères parmi les suivants :
Anonymization
Anonymization refers to the use of a set of techniques to remove the possibility of associating, with “reasonable effort”, personal data relating to an identified or identifiable individual.
Anteriority of a brand
Prior art searches, which are a prerequisite for any trademark registration, must be carried out systematically. Indeed, it is very risky to adopt a sign infringing on prior rights such as a registered or well-known trademark, a corporate name, a domain name dedicated to the same sector of activity, etc…
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence demonstrated by machines, as opposed to the natural intelligence demonstrated by humans and animals.
Assignment of a trademark
Assignment of copyrights
The transfer of copyright is an agreement by which the copyright owner, called the assignor, transfers the ownership of his rights to a third party, called the assignee. The latter will then be vested with all the rights relating to the creation that has been assigned to him, with the exception of the author’s moral rights (see below).
Audit
An audit is an operation consisting of investigations and verifications in order to identify and evaluate the nature and extent of a company’s intellectual property rights, which makes it possible to assess the rights holder’s monopoly of exploitation over its assets.
Author
B
Backorder
The Backorder is a solution that allows the automatic registration of domain names shortly after their expiration and their fall into the public domain.
Big data
Big data is a concept characterized by extremely large sets of diverse data, structured and unstructured, particularly relating to consumer behavior, publications on social networks or even geolocation.
Binding Corporate Rules (BCR)
(BCR) Binding Corporate Rules are internal rules on the protection of personal data that can be applied by private law bodies, controller or processor, established in the territory of a Member State of the European Union, for transfers or for a set of transfers of personal data to other private law bodies, controller or processor, established in one or more countries outside the European Union within the same group of companies, or a group of companies engaged in a joint economic activity
Blockchain
Blockchain can be defined as a decentralized registry that has been designed to allow the transmission of values, from one person to another, securely and without intermediaries.
Brand
A trademark is a distinctive sign that allows its owner (natural person or legal entity) to distinguish its product(s) and/or service(s ) from those of other market players, and in particular from its competitors.
Brand cancellation
The cancellation of the trademark can be obtained through an action by which a person or the Public Ministry asks a court or an office to pronounce the total or partial cancellation of an industrial property title.
Brand licensing
Brand monitoring
A trademark is a distinctive sign which confers on its owner an exclusive right of intellectual property and thus allows him to oppose the use of his trademark by third parties, without his prior authorization.
Brand Package
The Trademark Package, which came into force on December 11, 2019 with the “pact law” n°2019-486 and was completed by two decisions of the Director General of the INPI of December 11, 2019, is part of the ongoing process of bringing French law into compliance with the European Union’s “Trademark Package”, adopted in 2015 through the transposition of Directive (EU) n°2015/2436 of December 16, 2015.
