{"id":20964,"date":"2026-07-28T23:53:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T21:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/avocat-droit-des-logiciels-et-bases-de-donnees\/"},"modified":"2026-07-29T08:08:36","modified_gmt":"2026-07-29T06:08:36","slug":"software-and-database-law","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/software-and-database-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Software and database lawyers in Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-hero1\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-hero2\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover\" style=\"min-height:430px;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2880\" height=\"1920\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-18344 lazyload\" alt=\"Software and database lawyers in Paris\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-scaled.jpg\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 2880px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 2880\/1920;object-position:50% 50%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"50% 50%\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-scaled.jpg 2880w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/numerique-2-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 2880px) 100vw, 2880px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-50 has-background-dim\" style=\"background-color:#01615a\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg-herogrid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-heroL\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-heroL\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-heroC\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-heroC\">\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-base-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-441c1539cb3d4c26410da31ba420131c\" style=\"font-size:50px\"><strong>Software and database lawyers in Paris<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-heroR\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-heroR\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-introsec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg-introgrid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-introL\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-introL\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-introC\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-introC\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Domains of expertise &gt; <strong><span style=\"color: #d3c0a9;\">Software and database law<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-introtxt\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fd66d5c40f228e2b86b213d0d3fad9d3 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#707070\"><strong>Are you developing, purchasing or operating a software programme or a database? Problems usually surface once the project is well under way &mdash; because ownership was never properly defined, because the source code is hard to recover, because a licence lacks precision, or because data has been reused without authorisation.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our software and database lawyers advise publishers, companies, start-ups, platforms, in-house legal teams and IT departments on protecting, contracting, monetising and defending their software and data assets. In advisory work as well as in litigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To discuss your software, your database or your contracts:<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-cta-46\">\n\n<p class=\"has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dad3d1b1d262d4a07cc9900f3d487605 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/contact\/\"><strong>Contact our team<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-25.svg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 25px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 25\/25;\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-baseline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a113cca89f750d78797858da40659039 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><strong>A firm recognised in intellectual property by the leading legal directories: Chambers, Legal 500, D&eacute;cideurs, IP STARS and Lexology Index.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-introR\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-introR\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-svcsec nos-services\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg-svcgrid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-svcL\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-svcL\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-svcC\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-svcC\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4c587a801a82a08d7755c6ae84aa7e16\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">Our <strong>software and database law services<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bouchara &amp; Avocats works at every stage in the life of a software programme or a database, to secure the project and to act quickly when a dispute arises.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-svcR\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-svcR\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg01sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg01grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg01sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg01sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg01mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg01mid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg01ing\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg01ca\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg01ca\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f1d67fedd7888bcb65f3e74b31be9a3f\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Rights verification and legal audit<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg01cb\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg01cb\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before marketing a software programme, signing with a client or preparing a fundraising round, the first question is to establish who actually owns the rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our lawyers assist you in particular with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>reconstructing the chain of title to the software or the database;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reviewing the assignments and licences already entered into;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>auditing third-party and open source components;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>preparing an acquisition, a disposal or a fundraising round.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the end of the audit, the firm identifies the points to be regularised and the documents to be drawn up or completed.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg01sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg01sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg02sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg02grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg02sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg02sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg02mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg02mid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg02ing\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg02ca\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg02ca\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bac93f61407cbeaa1a540f592981159\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Drafting and negotiating IT contracts<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg02cb\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg02cb\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IT contracts must match how the solution actually works and how responsibilities are shared between the parties. A generic template cannot properly govern ownership of the developments, acceptance testing, software upgrades, service levels or data retrieval.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The firm drafts and negotiates in particular <strong>development and integration agreements, software licences, SaaS agreements, maintenance agreements, distribution agreements, data and API licences<\/strong> as well as <strong>reversibility and source code escrow agreements.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We act for the publisher as well as for the customer, taking into account the rights held by each party, the authorised uses and the degree of dependence on the solution.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg02sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg02sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg03sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg03grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg03sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg03sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg03mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg03mid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg03ing\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg03ca\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg03ca\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7ba54c61b70d306ca6a335863782bfd9\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Software and database disputes and litigation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg03cb\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg03cb\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IT disputes often call for a swift reaction, since technical evidence can change, disappear or become difficult to use &mdash; particularly where copying, a deadlock with a supplier or automated data extraction is involved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The firm acts in particular in cases of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>reproduction of source code or of documentation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>reuse of parts of a software programme by a former employee or partner;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>use going beyond the scope of a licence;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>improper integration of an open source component;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>extraction or reuse of a database;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>automated scraping of a website or platform;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>refusal to hand over the source code;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>disagreement over acceptance testing or software compliance;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>development delays or abandonment of the project;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>failed reversibility;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a licence audit launched by a publisher;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>an allegation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/avocat-contrefacon\/\">infringement<\/a> or of breach of contract.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We assist you as claimant and as defendant, whether in a negotiation, an evidence-gathering measure or court proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg03sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg03sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darksec\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darkin marginauto\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg-darkgrid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-darkC\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darkC valign-column\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darkw1\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darkw2\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading white has-base-3-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ea719decfeda1cb90caf842cdbd0b862\"><strong>Typical situations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darktxt\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Your software was developed by several contributors<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Founders, employees, freelancers, agencies or IT services firms have worked on the same software one after another. We reconstruct the chain of title, identify the missing assignments and define the documents required to secure its exploitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Your supplier refuses to hand over the source code<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The project is stalled by a disagreement over acceptance testing, invoices or ownership of the developments. We review the contractual obligations, the rights held by each party and the steps needed to continue the project or to exit it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>You market a SaaS solution<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your solution must be governed by contracts suited to the way it works, to its users and to its compliance requirements. We draft and negotiate the clauses covering licences, hosting, maintenance, service levels, data and reversibility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Your software includes open source components<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poorly documented components can slow down a product launch, a fundraising round or an acquisition. We identify the licences that carry risk and the steps to be taken before the transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>You operate a database or an API<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your business collects, organises or enriches data from various sources. We check the rights in the database and in the data it contains, then put in place the framework governing access, licences and reuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A competitor is extracting data from your platform<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Automated queries allow a third party to reconstitute part of your offering. We analyse the investment made, the data taken, how often extractions occur, the applicable contractual terms and the available evidence, in order to identify the remedies open to you.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>You are preparing a fundraising round or an acquisition<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Investors and buyers scrutinise ownership of the software, the contracts entered into with developers and the technical dependencies. We carry out the necessary audits and identify the matters to be regularised before the transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-darkimg\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-darkimg\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full max461\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1150\" height=\"1965\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-13@2x.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1854 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1150px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1150\/1965;object-fit:cover\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-13@2x.png 1150w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-13@2x-176x300.png 176w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-13@2x-599x1024.png 599w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-13@2x-768x1312.png 768w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-13@2x-899x1536.png 899w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1150px) 100vw, 1150px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg04grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04mid\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6e2a70a8bbd0fc395b93536ae9524064\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><strong>Awards and rankings<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04txt\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bouchara &amp; Avocats is regularly recognised for its expertise in data law, cybersecurity, digital platforms and the protection of digital content.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg04cards\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c0\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c0\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">Chambers France 2026 &mdash; Intellectual Property: Trade Mark &amp; Copyright<\/span><\/strong><br>Vanessa Bouchara &mdash; Band 2, ranked in this directory for thirteen years.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c1\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c1\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">Legal 500 EMEA 2026 &mdash; France &mdash; Intellectual Property: Copyright<\/span><\/strong><br>Bouchara &amp; Avocats &mdash; Tier 2.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c2\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c2\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">D&eacute;cideurs | Leaders League 2026 &mdash; Data law and cybersecurity<\/span><\/strong><br>Bouchara &amp; Avocats &mdash; &laquo;&nbsp;Strong reputation&nbsp;&raquo;.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c3\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c3\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">D&eacute;cideurs | Leaders League 2026 &mdash; Digital platforms and applications law<\/span><\/strong><br>Bouchara &amp; Avocats &mdash; &laquo;&nbsp;Strong reputation&nbsp;&raquo;.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c4\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c4\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">IP STARS &mdash; Managing IP 2026<\/span><\/strong><br>Bouchara &amp; Avocats &mdash; Trusted Talent Firms, Intellectual property.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c5\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c5\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">Lexology Index, formerly Who&rsquo;s Who Legal<\/span><\/strong><br>Vanessa Bouchara &mdash; Thought Leader, France, IP &ndash; Trademarks.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04c6\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04c6\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"font-size:15px\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1a4454;\">Best Law Firms in France 2026<\/span><\/strong><br>Bouchara &amp; Avocats &mdash; Paris Tier 3, Intellectual Property Law.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-cta-404\">\n\n<p class=\"has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-b18cefe006998cceefbaba133baca757 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/awards-rankings\/\"><strong>See our awards and rankings<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-25.svg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 25px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 25\/25;\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg04sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg04sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-7bdc0f40 team\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-c15b61c3\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-2dd88fd9\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-2dd88fd9\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-58622d95\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-58622d95\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c3bc1da989811abf71ef566b90e1c592\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">Intellectual Property Lawyers <span style=\"font-weight: 200;\"><strong>Team<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-defd13e7\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-defd13e7\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-73196bbc\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-286aca43\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-4f162a59\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4f162a59\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a882f3c7\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a882f3c7\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-27d77866\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a36d5767\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a36d5767\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full hover-image hover-vanessa\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"752\" height=\"1000\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vanessa-vert-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3453 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vanessa-vert-1.png 752w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Vanessa-vert-1-226x300.png 226w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 752px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 752\/1000;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-6bae38ed\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4ed88a5b7c6d37b3324d5e9ffb7a6de8 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/vanessa-bouchara\/\"><strong>Vanessa Bouchara<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/vanessa-bouchara\/\">Founding partner<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-ecdd04cd\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ecdd04cd\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full hover-image hover-adele\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"751\" height=\"1000\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Ade\u0300le-MAIER-beige-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3518 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Ade\u0300le-MAIER-beige-2-1.png 751w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Ade\u0300le-MAIER-beige-2-1-225x300.png 225w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 751px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 751\/1000;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-6e37d879\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4d1b7e16\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d8263a22fff74530d7610c436cc3c190 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/adele-maier\/\"><strong>Adele Maier<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/our-team\/\">Partner<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-5c50e03f\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-5c50e03f\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full hover-image hover-louise\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"751\" height=\"1000\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Louise-LACROIX-vert-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3473 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Louise-LACROIX-vert-1.png 751w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Louise-LACROIX-vert-1-225x300.png 225w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 751px) 100vw, 751px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 751px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 751\/1000;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-b4130add\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-795dbbad\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b40b4d879ff378db2ae5f1569ae91993 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/en\/louise-lacroix\/\"><strong>Louise Lacroix<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/louise-lacroix\/\">Partner<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-5164331e\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-5164331e\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full hover-image hover-claire\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1086\" height=\"1448\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2026\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-6-juil.-2026-18_31_54.png.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20651 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2026\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-6-juil.-2026-18_31_54.png.webp 1086w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2026\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-6-juil.-2026-18_31_54-225x300.png.webp 225w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/smush-webp\/2026\/07\/ChatGPT-Image-6-juil.-2026-18_31_54-768x1024.png.webp 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1086px) 100vw, 1086px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1086px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1086\/1448;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-93a281d4\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-db38e8d3\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93c7da6017e03a8055e19c45c60ea8a4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><strong>Kelly Brakha<\/strong><br>Lawyer<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-1c4fe355\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-1c4fe355\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-c912b48a\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-93db65e8\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-e0dcc2e7\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-e0dcc2e7\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-53aa7dc8\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-53aa7dc8\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-e2940a9a\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-b0865a28\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-b0865a28\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full hover-image hover-gerard\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"376\" height=\"500\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/gerardv.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14006 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/gerardv.png 376w, https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/gerardv-226x300.png 226w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 376px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 376\/500;\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-10eaebf7\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-14ec59d4\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68b709a353c299f44c005a5c90628200 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/gerard-gabriel\/\"><strong>G\u00e9rard-Gabriel Lamoureux<\/strong><\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/gerard-gabriel\/\">of counsel<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-4c84e5d1\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4c84e5d1\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-182f0f07\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-182f0f07\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-4c7f2c81\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4c7f2c81\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-25652ab5\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-25652ab5\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg05grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg05sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg05mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05mid\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d7c519d00aac1b74ac900b380ea0a5ed\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">Who owns the <strong>intellectual property rights in a software programme?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05txt\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/intellectual-property-law\/\">intellectual property protection<\/a> of software rests primarily on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/literary-and-artistic-property-law\/\">copyright<\/a>, in particular for the code and the preparatory design material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By contrast, <strong>an idea, a method or a feature is not protected as such.<\/strong> It is therefore necessary to determine precisely which elements can be protected and who is entitled to claim the rights in them (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">French Intellectual Property Code, art. L. 112-2, 13&deg;<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32009L0024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Directive 2009\/24\/EC, art. 1, &sect;&sect; 1 to 3<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis means identifying the contributions, checking that they are original and reconstructing the transfers of rights. It draws in particular on the contracts, the Git history, the specifications, the technical documentation, the filings and the successive versions of the code.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2b256c58166bf82ca98437e19984408b\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Employees, contractors and founders: who owns the code?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05txt2\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/software\/\">The rights in software<\/a> created by an employee in the course of their duties vest in the employer, unless otherwise agreed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044502241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">French Intellectual Property Code, art. L. 113-9<\/a>). That rule does not apply automatically to freelancers, agencies or IT services firms: the contract must set out precisely how the developments are assigned or licensed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table tableau-bouchara\"><table><thead><tr><th>Situation<\/th><th>What we check<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Development by employees<\/td><td>Duties assigned, circumstances of creation and internal documentation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Work by a freelancer or an agency<\/td><td>Assignment of rights, scope of permitted use and delivery of the code<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contributions by the founders<\/td><td>Developments carried out before the company was incorporated, and the transfers required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Third-party or open source components<\/td><td>Applicable licences and compatibility with commercial exploitation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depending on the nature of the project, this protection may be supplemented by contract law, trade secret protection or, for certain technical inventions, patent law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This verification allows uncertainties to be dealt with before they are raised by an investor, a buyer, a client or an opposing party.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aed10ee939ed2e5f72390da968db0b19\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Which clauses should an IT contract contain?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05txt3\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Development agreement, licence, SaaS, maintenance or integration: the right document depends on how the software is designed, delivered and used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our lawyers deal in particular with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>deliverables and the acceptance testing procedure;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rights in pre-existing code and in bespoke developments;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>authorised users, group companies and permitted uses;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>updates, fixes and new releases;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>hosting and service levels;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>delivery or escrow of the source code;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>return of data and reversibility;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>liability and the consequences of termination.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contract must be drafted with regard to each party&rsquo;s role, the degree of dependence on the supplier and the operational consequences of a delay, a service interruption or the end of the project.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05call\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69a8896211f358b2e8c96e535df6d71d wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">Our aim is simple: to avoid a contract that says one thing while the solution works another way. That gap is very often where deadlocks with a supplier, a publisher or a client begin.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg05sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg05sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg06grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg06sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg06mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06mid\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bb74ee1557a5ad43d5e764bf69960dab\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">How do you protect and <strong>monetise a database?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06txt\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/data-base\/\">database<\/a> is not protected merely because it took time to build or because your company created it. You have to identify the maker of the database and be able to demonstrate the investment made in obtaining, verifying or presenting its contents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We help you to organise that evidence, to clarify the rights in the data it contains and to govern its exploitation: licences, client access, partner feeds, APIs and reuse conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where the statutory conditions are met, the maker can act against the extraction or reuse of a substantial part of the database. Repeated and systematic extraction of smaller volumes may also be caught (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">French Intellectual Property Code, art. L. 341-1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L. 342-1<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279250\/2022-06-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">L. 342-2<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis matters particularly where a competitor harvests the data of a platform, reconstitutes an offering or uses the information collected to launch a competing service.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4cf438e18e1752f59fb7c2b122fc7b92\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Open source: check before you distribute<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06txt2\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using an open source component may trigger obligations as to the notices to be retained, the disclosure of modifications or the availability of part of the code. Their scope depends on the applicable licence and on how the component is integrated or distributed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We list the libraries used, check their versions and licences, then analyse how compatible they are with your commercial model. The audit identifies the applicable obligations and determines which components must be documented, regularised or replaced.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-397cc9c38e28a94a8048c3593349f5eb\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Databases and personal data: when does the GDPR apply?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06txt3\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where a database contains information relating to identified or identifiable individuals, its intellectual property protection must be reconciled with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/rgpd-and-data-protection\/\">rules on personal data<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation (EU) 2016\/679, art. 4, &sect; 1<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The firm advises in particular on allocating the roles between the parties, verifying that processing operations are compliant and governing retention, security and data transfers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This analysis matters particularly for SaaS solutions, platforms, applications and any project built on data exchanges between several players.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a0272731a7953e62ad00b3c69eb31973\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Responding to copying or unauthorised use<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06txt4\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where code, documentation or a database has been taken, the priority is to preserve the evidence before it disappears or is altered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We check the rights you hold, analyse the similarities or the extractions and determine the most appropriate legal basis: infringement, breach of contract, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/unfair-competition\/\">unfair competition<\/a>, free-riding or misappropriation of trade secrets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depending on the situation, we can arrange a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/report\/\">bailiff&rsquo;s report<\/a>, work with an IT expert, send a cease-and-desist letter or prepare an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/counterfeit-seizure\/\">infringement seizure<\/a>. That measure can cover the software, the disputed database and the related documents (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028716700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">French Intellectual Property Code, art. L. 332-4<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also act in defence where a company is accused of copying software, exceeding the scope of a licence or unlawfully extracting data.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg06sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg06sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg07sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg07grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg07sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg07sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg07mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg07mid\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6e4745e2ce54709cd8b8386258bc4939\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">Would you like to secure <strong>a software programme or a database?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg07txt\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a review of your project, your contracts or an infringement of your rights, our lawyers are at your disposal.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-cta-636\">\n\n<p class=\"has-base-3-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dad3d1b1d262d4a07cc9900f3d487605 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/contact\/\"><strong>Contact our team<\/strong> <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-25.svg\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 25px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 25\/25;\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg07adr\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b64da6605cf8d2b1f557322029587f34 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><strong>Bouchara &amp; Avocats<\/strong><br>17 rue du Colis&eacute;e<br>75008 Paris, France<br>Tel. <a href=\"tel:+33142254230\">+33 (0)1 42 25 42 30<\/a><br><a href=\"mailto:info@cabinetbouchara.com\">info@cabinetbouchara.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n<iframe data-src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/embed?pb=!1m18!1m12!1m3!1d2624.3403448683143!2d2.3055189767565687!3d48.87078809983363!2m3!1f0!2f0!3f0!3m2!1i1024!2i768!4f13.1!3m3!1m2!1s0x47e66fc2c574e895%3A0x3447abd0380ba507!2sBouchara%20%26%20Avocats%20-%20Avocats%20droit%20des%20marques%20et%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20intellectuelle!5e0!3m2!1sfr!2sfr!4v1784107626501!5m2!1sfr!2sfr\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" style=\"border:0;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" src=\"about:blank\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"0\"><\/iframe><br><br>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg07sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg07sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg08sec\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg08grd\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg08sl\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg08sl\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg08mid\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg08mid\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bc9e8f7aa93888c395415d259f7c46d0\" style=\"color:#1a4454\"><strong>FAQ<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg08txt\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54ef65c8db4fcd58c57e8a46180efb8b\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Can software or an algorithm be patented?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Software as such is not patentable. A computer-implemented invention can be, however, where it provides a technical solution to a technical problem (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">art. L. 611-10 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Our lawyers examine the nature of the innovation, how it works and the elements to be preserved, in order to determine whether patent protection, copyright, trade secrets or contractual protection is the better route.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26f780b8823267fafa21140dfbb12bc0\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Is a licence breach a contractual matter or an infringement?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It depends on which obligation has been breached. Exceeding the permitted number of users, making a prohibited copy or using the software outside the authorised scope will not necessarily be characterised in the same way. We review the licence, the rights concerned and the available evidence in order to select the appropriate basis, whether you are claimant or defendant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a1acadf2f0c45638672ede30712fe0a5\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>How do you protect know-how and the elements copyright does not cover?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Methods, processes, features and technical know-how are not always protected by copyright. We put complementary protections in place: confidentiality agreements, tailored clauses in employment and services contracts, access restrictions, traceability of exchanges and trade secret measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7e96f0c7d429b56f644bc2af21583e1a\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>Should you produce an SBOM for your software?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SBOM identifies the components built into the software, their versions and their licences. It makes open source audits, fundraising rounds and acquisitions considerably easier. We help companies structure that inventory, spot poorly documented dependencies and define the steps to be taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-047a60cee7b4f33b67ace51045a47828\" style=\"color:#1a4454;font-style:normal;font-weight:600\"><strong>What does a legal audit of software look like before a fundraising round?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We review the chain of title, the contracts entered into with founders, employees and suppliers, the open source licences, the third-party components and the main customer and supplier agreements. At the end of the audit, we identify the risks, the missing documents and the priority matters to be regularised, so that investors are presented with clear and consistent documentation.<\/p>\n\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg08sr\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg08sr\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-domsec\">\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-domin\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-lg-domgrid\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-domL\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-domL\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-domC\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-domC\">\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-lg-domR\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-lg-domR\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a2530a40\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-95c119aa\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-35c00ae3\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-35c00ae3\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-c126b248\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-c126b248\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3ff76232b4d8d58213196f96389413e0\" style=\"color:#1a4454\">Areas&nbsp;<strong>of focus<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-932dfc8f\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-932dfc8f\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-container gb-container-4184a84b\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-a0cc954a\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-dea781a4\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-dea781a4\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-9cf48f29\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-c38968bd\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-c38968bd\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-8.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-880 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-bdcefc4d\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-bdcefc4d\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76f7f92a2227b5e0b278a8b601b02303 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/unfair-competition\/\">UNFAIR COMPETITION<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-57e51240\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-57e51240\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-6bd7a673\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-e77f2aeb\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-e77f2aeb\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-8.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-880 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-9c6b9fcb\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-9c6b9fcb\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-485c02bb440cdfaa04d5abe500523bb9 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/trademark-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1008\">TRADEMARKS<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-9e0c7c66\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-62d7fec9\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-62d7fec9\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-83b17ad7\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-d55de8f5\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-d55de8f5\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fichier-2.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1928 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a4fe662a\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a4fe662a\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8b9af268783b130204ee34a5b7b81902 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/industrial-property-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1872\">INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-00aac516\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-00aac516\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-841cbe4f\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-59efd0f2\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-59efd0f2\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-871 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-5ee284fc\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-5ee284fc\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-656af3791af98c2d652a9df6374eaba0 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/digital-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1851\">DIGITAL LAW<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-a18d283a\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a04781e7\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a04781e7\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-1c43f3e6\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-f51409b1\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-f51409b1\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-874 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-a938e860\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-a938e860\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-835871e49b9aa010757ee64a9d85d6f4 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/designs-and-models\/\">DESIGNS<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-408dc6e6\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-408dc6e6\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-01edc7c0\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-5429fea9\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-5429fea9\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-874 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-91d4df81\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-91d4df81\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19ab3d428e129f0d17a7b76909bb6360 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/literary-and-artistic-property-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1878\">LITERARY AND ARTISTIC PROPERTY<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-6fd07591\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-9bb3939a\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-9bb3939a\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-b4c27dd7\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-258a509b\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-258a509b\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-876 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-6dbb1141\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-6dbb1141\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aa32f53d676cea5a4bd010d2338571d4 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/copyright\/\">COPYRIGHTS<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-778a051f\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-778a051f\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-312a887e\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-99b1ce02\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-99b1ce02\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-876 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-aadf7887\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-aadf7887\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2c524b790023b7fb59131cba638f606f wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/advertising-law\/\">ADVERTISING<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-92f3c93c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-d1d4b039\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-d1d4b039\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-2d68fd8b\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-ac358f94\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-ac358f94\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-5.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-877 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-912f8aba\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-912f8aba\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f755f99a282c9d15a08cd4bc040cd685 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/intellectual-property-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"6923\">INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-88fa0a29\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-88fa0a29\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-3eab33bf\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-1916bba3\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-1916bba3\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-5.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-877 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-66150fa5\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-66150fa5\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e690d999281b4506305c893d71889a08 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/rgpd-and-data-protection\/\">GDPR &amp; PERSONAL DATA<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-a68e0105\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-19b01442\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-19b01442\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-bc1822f5\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-81cab2bb\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-81cab2bb\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-49747f0c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-49747f0c\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-9683fbca\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-9683fbca\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-67e0763f\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-33307d38\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-33307d38\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-5.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-877 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-0422467f\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-0422467f\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3c8f00669d64582cd0024da13d5b3f53 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/entertainment-media\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1872\">ENTERTAINMENT &amp; MEDIA<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-enrow0\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en00c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en00c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en00g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en00i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en00i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-8.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-880 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en00t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en00t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d67b190df90f9e4fccd02addab5aa057 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/e-commerce-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20953\">E-COMMERCE<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en01c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en01c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en01g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en01i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en01i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-8.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-880 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en01t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en01t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a91ed94f761a6a78609995e287667573 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/trade-secrets-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20954\">TRADE SECRETS<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-enrow1\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en10c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en10c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en10g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en10i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en10i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-871 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en10t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en10t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52434409a0adce0bc1a75f4f5d7ebeb7 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/domain-name-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20956\">DOMAIN NAMES<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en11c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en11c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en11g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en11i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en11i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-1.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-871 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en11t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en11t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-289c4bb6f280ec2490261ae90e493ab2 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/image-rights-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20958\">IMAGE RIGHTS<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-enrow2\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en20c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en20c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en20g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en20i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en20i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-874 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en20t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en20t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c5a1d18b584a773b1ba037a5b165524b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/commercial-disparagement\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20960\">COMMERCIAL DISPARAGEMENT<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en21c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en21c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en21g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en21i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en21i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-874 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en21t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en21t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-df35bae7b4ba294fcb39ee03d7cc9ea5 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/patent-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20962\">PATENTS<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-enrow3\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en30c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en30c\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-wrapper gb-grid-wrapper-en30g\">\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en30i\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en30i\">\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-4.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-876 lazyload\" style=\"width:27px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en30t\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en30t\">\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-2-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3ae8feaaa74ea6dd82536748cd037cca wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/software-and-database-law\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"20964\">SOFTWARE &amp; DATABASES<\/a><\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"gb-grid-column gb-grid-column-en31c\"><div class=\"gb-container gb-container-en31c\"><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20964","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20964"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20964\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20977,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20964\/revisions\/20977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}