{"id":9027,"date":"2022-02-02T15:02:18","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T14:02:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/dns\/"},"modified":"2026-02-10T08:57:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T07:57:07","slug":"dns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/dns\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/\">Lexicon<\/a> <span style=\"color: #E7B3C0\">&gt; <span style=\"color: #E7B3C0\"><b>DNS<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>IT Lexicon<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The DNS, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/domain-name\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Domain Name<\/a> System, is an addressing system for the Internet that allows a domain name to be associated with an IP address, so that a message can reach its recipient or an Internet user can find a particular website.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">DNS servers allow the management of domain name requests in IP addresses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">They work in a hierarchy, allowing the creation of sub-domains.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Recursive servers allow to browse the DNS hierarchy and to forward a request to one or more name servers in order to obtain an answer.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The root DNS servers, located at the top of the DNS hierarchy, are managed by independent organizations that allow the distribution of IP addresses.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">This distribution is coordinated and supervised by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/icann\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICANN<\/a> in order to avoid duplication and possible technical problems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The recursive servers used to browse the DNS hierarchy are generally made available to Internet users by their Internet service providers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Each domain name has several DNS servers, which ensures a certain continuity when one of the DNS servers is no longer functional.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">The DNS includes a certain amount of information that makes it possible to assess the use made of a domain name, and in particular the following information:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">MX record: this information identifies whether an email server is associated with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/domain-name\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">domain name<\/a>, meaning that the domain name holder potentially has email addresses associated with it;<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify\">NS record: this information identifies the identity of the DNS servers of a specific domain, and can thus make it possible to associate several domain names with the same presumed holder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">DNS records are particularly useful in the context of disputes relating to the use of a domain name, and in particular in the context of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/udrp-uniform-domain-name-dispute-resolution-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UDRP<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/syreli\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SYRELI<\/a> actions, since they provide evidence of the potentially bad faith use of a domain name by its holder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\">Finally, many types of attacks on DNS servers exist, with the effect of intercepting data (&#8220;man in the middle&#8221; attack), blocking a site (&#8220;DoS attack&#8221;), usurping the identity of the domain name (&#8220;DNS attack&#8221;), and so on. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/spoofing\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">spoofing&#8221; <\/a>) or to redirect Internet users to a third-party site (&#8220;DNS cache poisoning&#8221; attack).<\/p>\n<h2>Point of legislation<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\">&#8220;<i>The allocation and management of domain names attached to each top-level domain of the Internet domain addressing system corresponding to the country codes of the national territory or part thereof shall be centralized by a single body called the registry&#8221;.<\/i><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\">Article L45 of the French Post and Electronic Communications Code<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify\">Point of jurisprudence<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\">The European Union Court of First Instance was able to recall that &#8221; <i>The Domain Name System allows people to navigate the Internet by linking domain names to numbers that identify computers connected to the Internet. The management of the technical elements of this service is coordinated by a non-profit organization under Californian law (United States), namely the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (&#8230;)<\/i> &#8220;&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: justify\">European Union Court, December 15, 2009, No. T-107\/06<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Bouchara Law firm assists you in particular in :<\/p>\n<ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\">Judicial and extra-judicial proceedings relating to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/domain-name\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">domain names<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/syreli\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">(SYRELI<\/a>,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/udrp-uniform-domain-name-dispute-resolution-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s1\">UDRP, <\/span><\/a>cnDRP, ukDRP&#8230;);<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">The strategization of domain names;<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">The registration of domain names;<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">Negotiation and redemption of domain names registered in confidence;<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\">The implementation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/backorder\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s1\">backorders<\/span><\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Other definitions<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/brand\/\">Trademark\u00a0<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/brand\/\">A trademark is a distinctive sign allowing its owner (natural or legal person) to differentiate its products and services&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/gdrp\/\">GDPR<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/gdrp\/\">The GDPR refers to Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of individuals&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/renowned-or-well-known-trademark\/\">Renowned or well-known trademark\u00a0<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/renowned-or-well-known-trademark\/\">The concepts of reputed and well-known trademarks have been defined by the jurisprudence and designate a trademark that is widely known by the public&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/wipo\/\">WIPO<\/a><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/wipo\/\">The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is an international institution of the United Nations, located in Geneva&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/\">See the lexicon<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Fichier-24.svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1012 alignnone size-medium lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 25px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 25\/25;margin-left: 15px;margin-bottom: -6px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lexicon &gt; DNS IT Lexicon The DNS, or Domain Name System, is an addressing system for the Internet that allows a domain name to be associated with an IP address, so that a message can reach its recipient or an Internet user can find a particular website. DNS servers allow the management of domain name &#8230; <a title=\"DNS\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/lexicon\/dns\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about DNS\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9175,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9027","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9027"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19538,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9027\/revisions\/19538"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cabinetbouchara.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}